Review of literary texts
zahra khosravi zargaz; akbar shayan seresht
Abstract
Artist’s novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre’s development and modifications. The current research aims to introduce the novel’s features by focusing on the structural elements of an English novel, A Portrait of ...
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Artist’s novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre’s development and modifications. The current research aims to introduce the novel’s features by focusing on the structural elements of an English novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce and You’re No Stranger Here by Houshang MoradiKermani , and using a descriptive-analytical approach. In this type of novel, the stages of artist’s personality development, his mental concerns, and viewpoint regarding art are explained thoroughly. Also, in this novel, art tools and the titles of some prominent works of art are mentioned. The artist uses his art to serve the community and eventually, his especial way of thinking (against his family’s ideals) forces him to immigrate. In the final part of the novel, we occasionally see an artist writing his own life story. Although according to these features, you’re No Stranger Here is the best match for the English novel, apparently, these features can also be observed in most of the selected examples of this subgenre. However, the description of the artist’s personality development, his mental and social concerns, and his loyalty to art originality and importance are among the prominent features of this type of novel.
Review of literary texts
razie fani aski; Ali Taslimi; mahmoud Ranjbar
Abstract
In this research, one postmodern novel of javad mojabi, a contemporary Iranian writer and of novel of Paul Auster, novelist and contemporary writer, has been comparatively studied. Comparative literature can be considered as Inter- theoretical readings; that is, in addition to the theory of literary ...
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In this research, one postmodern novel of javad mojabi, a contemporary Iranian writer and of novel of Paul Auster, novelist and contemporary writer, has been comparatively studied. Comparative literature can be considered as Inter- theoretical readings; that is, in addition to the theory of literary schools can uses several theories such as postmodernism. Auster and mojabi are both creators of multi-faceted works and focus most of all on human conditions, with all its features and complexities. That think about identity and what makes identity. Deconstruction and fragmentation of both works, widespread presence of techniques, Intertextuality and the effects of creating indeterminacy such as short circuit, more and more personalities, Multiple End, polyphony and the scattering of sounds, Paranoia and uncertainly in time and place are common propositions in both novels. therefore, the different points and how to use these tricks is one of the most important goals of this article, maybe it can be valuable help to better understand these two novels.
Review of literary texts
Seyed Morteza Mirhashemi; Akbar Garavand; yosofAli Beiranvand
Abstract
Comparative literature is one of the sciences that enables us to better understand the secrets and mysteries of literary works. Nezami is one of the great poets who has had a direct and indirect impact on the minds and language of many Persian poets. The story of the black cloth king of Haft Peikar of ...
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Comparative literature is one of the sciences that enables us to better understand the secrets and mysteries of literary works. Nezami is one of the great poets who has had a direct and indirect impact on the minds and language of many Persian poets. The story of the black cloth king of Haft Peikar of Nezami is one of the mysterious narrations that has many similarities with the story of Daqhooghi in the Masnavi Ma'navi. In this paper, the aim was to study and compare the common elements of these two stories by qualitative comparative analysis. After study and compare the two stories, it was concluded that the characters of the black cloth king and Daqhooghi, as well as Torktaz and Haft Mardan are very similar, which we compared and analyzed them in eight elements: 1- The hero's honesty, 2- Pursuing something, 3- Mysterious place of intuition, 4- Mystery of achieving the goal, 5- Discourtesy, 6- Be kind to hero, 7- Forbidden work, 8- Be disappear. In these elements, there are many similarities between the characters of the two stories.
Elaheh Setoodehpour; Mohammadreza Najjarian; Yadollah Jalali Pandari Jalali Pandari
Abstract
'Creativity' in comparative literature is the difference between imitating and being influenced, and the creative author is said to be inspired by the others’ work, and nurture what they borrowed from another in the social and cultural construction of their society in a new way. The similarity ...
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'Creativity' in comparative literature is the difference between imitating and being influenced, and the creative author is said to be inspired by the others’ work, and nurture what they borrowed from another in the social and cultural construction of their society in a new way. The similarity in layout and plot of these two novels “Shohare Ahoo Khanoom” (1961) by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Sister Carrie” (1900) by Theodore Dreiser, makes it possible to compare these two works in comparative literature. This article argues that Afghani in writing the novel “Shohare Ahoo Khanoom”, has been directly affected by Dreiser’s first work and has domesticated this American novel’s plot and narration in the cultural and social context of Iran. Despite the common points observed in the narrative plot and characterization method of these two novels, especially the two characters, “Homa” and “Carrie”, there are also some differences in these two works that are more related to the differences in the social and cultural conditions of their authors.
Ali Ganjian Gangian Khenari; Majid Bayati
Abstract
The term “تضخیم الأنا” in Arabic is closely related to the concept of narcissism and a sense of self-importance; because putting too much importance in one’s self will lead to narcissism in its highest stages. This article attempts to investigate and analyze this issue as ...
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The term “تضخیم الأنا” in Arabic is closely related to the concept of narcissism and a sense of self-importance; because putting too much importance in one’s self will lead to narcissism in its highest stages. This article attempts to investigate and analyze this issue as well as decentralism and cultural antagonism on the one hand and centralism and nationalism on the other, which is discussed by writers and critics in Arabic literature as a contradictory action. This article will therefore investigate the challenge this issue is causing. This article will show that the actions of some Arab critics and writers have led to the loss of the spirit of moderation and cultural connection, resulting in othering and the emergence of hegemonic discourse. In such works, the discourse is based on a central signifier, which is narcissism. Therefore, an attempt has been made to show the methods of othering and sense of self-importance by Arab writers and critics. In this study, an attempt has been made to prove, according to the critical discourse analysis approach of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, that othering and marginalizing the other will eventually become a chronic disease, which will result in a crisis-afflicted and perplexed generation which is stuck between their past and present.
Abdullah Albughobaish; Fatemeh Golbabaee
Abstract
Changes in today's world and the disappearance of the common boundaries among the sciences have left a heavy burden on comparative literature. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, this field of knowledge bears the responsibility of making a connection between literature and other arts and sciences, and ...
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Changes in today's world and the disappearance of the common boundaries among the sciences have left a heavy burden on comparative literature. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, this field of knowledge bears the responsibility of making a connection between literature and other arts and sciences, and from this perspective, it plays an essential role in today's borderless world. From this point of view, linking literature with various arts such as music is considered to be one of the activity areas of this dynamic knowledge. Following this model, the present study has analyzed the relationship between music and literature in the novel "Dead Symphony" by Iranian novelist Abbas Maroufi, and at the same time, it has compared the aforementioned novel with Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 5 from the structural perspective. According to the present study, the intersection of literature and music in the mentioned novel has been realized in several areas and different ways. Paratext and entitling the novel, heading the text chapters, and harmonizing the path of events in the novel with the formic nature of movements in a symphony are among the commonalities of literature and music in this novel. Utilizing the counterpoint feature of music in the literary text and matching the divisions of the second movement in the novel with music variations are the other instances of the intersections of these two arts. Moreover, taking the spread of interactions between arts and sciences into account, authors can add to the enrichment of their works by linking them with arts, humanities, and experimental sciences, hence they can double the enjoyment of reading texts for their readers.
Ahmad Tamimdari; Shiva DolatAbadi; Shahnaz Ebadati
Abstract
Choice theory addresses human behavior by emphasizing accountability in meeting basic needs. The purpose of this paper is to apply this psychological approach to the comparative study of symbolic stories. “Jonathan Livingston Seagull” by Richard Bach (1936) and Manteq-Al-Tair by Attar reveal ...
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Choice theory addresses human behavior by emphasizing accountability in meeting basic needs. The purpose of this paper is to apply this psychological approach to the comparative study of symbolic stories. “Jonathan Livingston Seagull” by Richard Bach (1936) and Manteq-Al-Tair by Attar reveal one of the highest humanitarian concerns, the truth. The present paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, shows that these works share the same aspects of symbolic concepts. Their theme, in spite of the distinction in structure, is the conflict between humans’ possessions and demands. The desire to discover the existential essence under the guidance of guide is an attempt to satisfy the need for freedom and a sense of value. Attar, in the second valley, deals with the necessity of love in conduct, but Bach, in his last words, recounts the importance of this essential need. Another difference in the rate of representation is the intrinsic motives of characters. The narrative of Richard Bach, due to the greater use of the description and the design of the internal dialogue, has a greater ability to be read based on Glaser’s theory.
Mansour Pirani
Abstract
Simultaneous with intertextuality and structuralism, comparative literature was presented with a different approach, and it declared itself an independent discipline. Comparative literature, intertextuality, and transtextuality all "examine the relationship within a text with other text or texts," yet ...
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Simultaneous with intertextuality and structuralism, comparative literature was presented with a different approach, and it declared itself an independent discipline. Comparative literature, intertextuality, and transtextuality all "examine the relationship within a text with other text or texts," yet using a different approach; this brings the text out of a monosyllabic and closed form, and gives it a new dynamic, transformation, and meaning to find. Comparative literature examines the "literary relations between the literatures of nations based on historical relationships, similarities, differences, and the relation of affecting and being affected” which, in this case as well, occurs in the form of a dialog between texts, though it is on the transnational and cross-border level. Therefore, it is interrelated with intertextuality, and, primarily, with transtexuality. These two methods are effective ways of criticizing a text, and they play a key role in better understanding and decoding the text. This article will examine the Boustan by Saadi with the approach of intertextuality and transtextuality (as well as the paratexts within the transtexts), and it explains the external factors effective in the creation of the work and understanding the text. Some parts of the text that do not seem important at the first reading, show their function with the help, and in light, of these approaches, and their relatedness becomes evident from the viewpoint of comparative literature.
Mohammad Alijani; Mohammad Ahi
Abstract
Beowulf is the oldest and greatest work of epic literature in England which was composed in old English language. Its major hero`s name is Beowulf. The name of the major hero of Shahnameh is Rostam. As Beowulf and Shahnameh have considerable similarities, especially in their epic parts, a comparison ...
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Beowulf is the oldest and greatest work of epic literature in England which was composed in old English language. Its major hero`s name is Beowulf. The name of the major hero of Shahnameh is Rostam. As Beowulf and Shahnameh have considerable similarities, especially in their epic parts, a comparison of the two works would shed light on the similarities of the two heroes. In addition, the similarities of epic genre and fiction epic literature in the two works can be demonstrated. With a focus on American approach to comparative analysis of literature, the author intends to explore the common global similarities of the two literary works by considering their major characters. Contrarily, the historical or any affective relationship between the two works is not within the scope of the present study. The results show that the similar epic aspects of the two works are prominent national hero, extension of the atmosphere, miraculous acts of the hero and supernatural things.
Azin Hossein Zadeh; Katayoon Shahpar Rad
Volume 19, Issue 65 , February 2016, , Pages 101-119
Abstract
Literary works have their own origins; each text, while being developed in mind or being jotted down on the paper, is necessarily influenced by relevant preceding texts. This has resulted in the emergence of new concepts such as intertextuality or interlecture in the area of New Criticism. In fiction, ...
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Literary works have their own origins; each text, while being developed in mind or being jotted down on the paper, is necessarily influenced by relevant preceding texts. This has resulted in the emergence of new concepts such as intertextuality or interlecture in the area of New Criticism. In fiction, the more outstanding leading resources and themes are resorted to for the creation of new literary works. Ashura heritage, as one of these leading themes, is an inseparable part of every Iranian Muslim’s religious identity recurrently reflected in Iranian fiction. Literature, especially fiction, as a mirror of social beliefs and events has reflected the themes surrounding Ashura up to the point where a range of “Ashura Literature” has been created. Numerous elegies and lamentation poems have directly reflected Imam Hussein’s (AS) uprising and its concurrentevents. In contrast to poetry, fiction has the capacity to borrow and reflect those elements of Ashura events which are not easily reflected in poetry. A leading writer of the type, Dowlatabadi as a novelist has been influenced by the Ashura heritage in a more complicated manner. He has accomplished a unique literary creativity through a concurrent use of the various features of Ashura heritage and his personal experience in the area of religious lamentation (Ta’zieh). In this paper, we aims at investigating the way Ashura events have been represented in Dowlatabadi’s works, through a comparative perspective and with a focus on the theories of intertextuality and interlecture originated from Gérard Genette and Jean Bellemin-Noël.
Saleh Bek Majid; Fatemeh Bayatfar
Volume 19, Issue 63 , September 2015, , Pages 123-146
Abstract
Among Sadegh Chubak's works (Iranian writer) and Saadollah Vannous' works (Syrian play writer), there are many similarities between “dolls retail’’ and “A Corpse on the Pavement’’. In this article, at first the subject and theme of two mentioned works is clearly defined ...
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Among Sadegh Chubak's works (Iranian writer) and Saadollah Vannous' works (Syrian play writer), there are many similarities between “dolls retail’’ and “A Corpse on the Pavement’’. In this article, at first the subject and theme of two mentioned works is clearly defined and then structural elementsof these two works are analyzed comparativelyaccordingtoAmerican school. For this purpose, we studied the narrative structure of two mentioned works based on theories of great narratologists such as “William Lebow’’, “Greimas’’ and “Gérard Genette’’ in four sections of character, plot, and time and place perspective. Also, during thereflection onformal and semantic cohesion factors of these two works, we have reviewed and analysed differencesandsimilaritiesbetween them in terms of subject, space, time, place, plot and etc. Finally, besides conclusion, we have talked about the causes of being these two effects among naturalistic worksasthe dominant discourseoncommunities.
MAJID salehbek
Abstract
From the viewpoint of French school, comparative literature is a critical study of literature dealing with the examination of literature in two or more different Linguistic, cultural or national groups. The America’s comparative school of literature considers comparative literature to be an inter-field ...
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From the viewpoint of French school, comparative literature is a critical study of literature dealing with the examination of literature in two or more different Linguistic, cultural or national groups. The America’s comparative school of literature considers comparative literature to be an inter-field research which makes a cross-comparison of the literature of different nations and examines the relationship between literature and other majors of humanities and fine art. The scientific concept of comparative literature first emerged out of France. Then, it entered some western countries like America and then the Far East and other countries such as Iran. Iran is one of the Asian countries which has attempted to establish comparative literature. However, Iranian researchers carried out a lot of scientific and practical research in this domain neglecting the theories of comparative literature. This issue has caused a lot of chaotic and incoherent thoughts for our current field of comparative literature.
