A Sentence-Based Generation Effect in Bilingual Recognition and Recall

To investigate the presence -of generation effect (GE) at sentence level, 144 bilinguals were selected as participants. They were examined at 3 levels of language proficiency, both unilingual and bilingual conditions. Recall and recognition tests of memory were used for measurement of the retained items. To measure the correlation between intelligence and GE, all the participants were tested regarding their intelligence. Analyzing the data, it was found that GE existed at the 3 levels of language proficiency, namely, advanced, high intermediate, and low intermediate levels. GE was evident at both unilingual and bilingual conditions while the degree of exhibition was higher at unilingual condition. The degree of second language (L2) knowledge did not change the degree of GE significantly. The recognition test manifested the GE more strongly than the test of recall, and finally correlation was found between intelligence and GE.