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Journal of Literary Text Research
    One of the basic concepts in semantics is prepositions and conjunctions, and due to stylistic differences in the texts of different periods, they have undergone many changes and have been used with different meanings. Familiarity with the... more
    One of the basic concepts in semantics is prepositions and conjunctions, and due to stylistic differences in the texts of different periods, they have undergone many changes and have been used with different meanings. Familiarity with the meanings of these letters and their various uses has an important role in the accessibility and eloquence of ancient Persian texts. Prepositions and conjunctions are widely used, which in some cases have different functions. Some of them are just prepositions, another group is conjunctions, some of them have been used in various uses as prepositions and adjectives, adverbs and prefixes of verbs, which are determined by the context and meaning of the sentence. The present article examines the various concepts and meanings of these letters using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this study confirm that these letters have multiple semantic networks. Including the letters "Az", ba", "ta", ... Also, the use of simple prepositions and simple conjunctions has been much more widespread in this text, and compound and conjunctive prepositions have been used to a limited extent. The relative frequency of simple suffixes accounts for 51% of the total text. The simple
    Existentialism means "authenticity of existence" or "primacy of being". The roots of this school of thought go back to the ideas of Soren Kierkegaard in the 1830s, although its backgrounds were already in use. The primacy of being on... more
    Existentialism means "authenticity of existence" or "primacy of being". The roots of this school of thought go back to the ideas of Soren Kierkegaard in the 1830s, although its backgrounds were already in use. The primacy of being on nature, responsibility, freedom, apprehension, choice, etc. are amongst the features of this school. In existentialism, man is a stranger because he does not belong to nature. He is abandoned in a place that is neither of his kind nor made for him. He has no inherent characteristics and creates his nature by himself. The first goal of existentialism is to make man aware of his identity and make him responsible for his existence and the existence of all other humans. He must make his own destiny by free choice. Existentialism became popular in Iran in the forties and fifties with the efforts of Seyyed Ahmad Fardid and Ali Shariati. Mustafa Mastour is one of the famous contemporary storytellers. His first literary work, Two Wet Eyes, was published in 1970, and his first collection of short stories, Love on the Sidewalk, was published in 1978.. In Mastoor's stories, which mostly draw on Soren Kierkegaard's ideas regarding faith, some existentialist features such as authenticity of existence, loneliness, despair, apprehension, pessimism, etc. can be seen, which are discussed in this article.
    The land is often seen by many nations as a feminine element, reproductive and fertile, and plays an essential role in creation. Therefore, it has appeared in myths, beliefs, rituals, religions, and mystical styles. In mythology, the... more
    The land is often seen by many nations as a feminine element, reproductive and fertile, and plays an essential role in creation. Therefore, it has appeared in myths, beliefs, rituals, religions, and mystical styles. In mythology, the earth is maternal, the worshiped goddess, the nurturer of the creators, the breeder, the cleanser, the source sanctity and divinity, and the source of the existence of the abyss and other beings. In religions, the earth is the source of the material existence of man, mother, kindergarten and cradle. In most of the mystical passages, the earth is the domain of the demise and divorce of the soul; it is also a female element, and on the basis of which the woman, the body and the soul, which are earthly and The present paper is adapted from a Ph.D. thesis on Persian Language and
    Transformation in fictional narratives refers to the essential changes of human or inhuman characters by a supernatural force. The present article is intended to examine this essential transformation of characters in folk tales in light... more
    Transformation in fictional narratives refers to the essential changes of human or inhuman characters by a supernatural force. The present article is intended to examine this essential transformation of characters in folk tales in light of Claude Bremond's narrative theory. In classifying the role of the character in narrative, Claude Bremond proposes the "Agent" and the "Patient" characters based on the extension of Levi-Strauss's "Binary Opposition" theory of "Actants". The agent has an active, effective, and dynamic role in the story, and on the other hand, the patient is passive and impressible. The present study seeks to answer this question: how can the transformation in folk tales lead to change in the function of the character and consequently, the status and role of the character in the story, from agent to patient and vice versa? This study, using library sources and a descriptive-analytical method in four specific folktales as case studies, concludes that transformation causes the major and minor characters to create new actions or be affected by new ones, after the
    Although it is mentioned that Molavi and Shams agree on all mystical issues, reflecting on their views shows that they have differences of opinion in some minor issues. One such example of disagreement is their view on shath or the... more
    Although it is mentioned that Molavi and Shams agree on all mystical issues, reflecting on their views shows that they have differences of opinion in some minor issues. One such example of disagreement is their view on shath or the ecstatic utterance. Molavi takes after Bayazid. Therefore, the ecstasy of mystics in inebriation is a symbol of being faithful to God and looking for unity. However, Shams takes after Junaid's mystical pattern and believes that shath does not have any meaning but metempsychosis, arrogance, disability, and inconsistency, and therefore, acquiring knowledge
    In this article, we decided to analyze motifs in the fiction of "Homay and Homayon" by Khajoye Kermani. In this research, the descriptive-analytic study was conducted to investigate if the poem of "Homay and Homayon can be classified as... more
    In this article, we decided to analyze motifs in the fiction of "Homay and Homayon" by Khajoye Kermani. In this research, the descriptive-analytic study was conducted to investigate if the poem of "Homay and Homayon can be classified as classical Persian literature, how close it is to folk tales, and what demonstrated classification of its motifs can be offered. After investigating and extracting all motifs, we classified and analyzed them in six classes: human motif, animal motif, thematic motif, place motif, wonder motif, munificence motif. The results showed that the absence of anything essential, fundamental, mythological, and epic such as snake, dragon, cow, elephant… and such elements as plants and transformation of creatures detracted from its appeal. Saints and masters play no important role. Thematic motifs showed the highest frequency, which indicates that the system is dynamic and fluid rather than static. The writer has reported the story by using only some issues that reduced its appeal.
    The language, religion, art, tradition, politics, and customs of a society and its individuals separate it from other societies and give them an independent identity. With this view, it will be a valuable work that can show the... more
    The language, religion, art, tradition, politics, and customs of a society and its individuals separate it from other societies and give them an independent identity. With this view, it will be a valuable work that can show the individual, collective and national aspects of people's identity and make them and others aware of the good and bad of their existence. With this view, it will be a valuable work that can show the individual, collective and national aspects of people's identity and make them and others aware of the good and bad of their existence. In the fifth century, the cornerstone of the need of Iranian people interrogate the identity of the township trampled by the Aniranians, but Beyhaghi, despite his sympathy with Ferdowsi in identifying identity, and in the face of his contemporary history's efforts, he represents the identity of Islamic-Iranian. This research, with a library study and a descriptive, analytical method has searched for identity in Beyhaghi history. Findings show that Bayhaqi loves his land and his art served as a causal expression of the weaknesses and failures of Masood Ghaznavi, although he apparently calls him a martyr and is forced to pay more attention to the rule of Styla than the rule of the Platonist sovereignty. Beyhaqi has placed Islamic-Iranian characteristics in the context of the language and art of truth writing and has drawn it in the form of a minister and a secretary, who is based on punishment, providence and divine will, with wisdom, seriousness, foresight, courage, softness, tolerance and by correcting the corruptions, shows the image of Iranian cooperation and informs the people about their liberating qualities against the foolishness of Ghaznavids.
    Mehdi Akhavan Sales is a famous contemporary poet who has experimented with various forms of poetry. His idealistic and narcissistic personality has special and worthy dimensions. The research answers the question of whether narcissism... more
    Mehdi Akhavan Sales is a famous contemporary poet who has experimented with various forms of poetry. His idealistic and narcissistic personality has special and worthy dimensions. The research answers the question of whether narcissism has had a significant effect on the quality and quantity of Akhavan's illustrations? In the present article, the psychological reasons for composing his narcissistic poems were investigated. The Akhavan's thirst for approval, reaching an ideal society, staying away from the manifestations of the modern world, and uniting with mythical characters who are the normal and abnormal branches of narcissism, back to the hallmarks of his personal life. The research method is descriptive and analytical. According to the research results, various levels of narcissism such as boastfulness, arrogance, praise of artistic status, Qalandari's thoughts, etc., have played a significant role in promoting the quality and quantity of artistic aspects of M. Omid's themes and literary images; in a way, if we remove or reduce these innovations, a large part of the content of his works will be lost and will naturally affect some of the concepts of contemporary literature.
    Maulana in Mathnawi seeks to create motivation and enthusiasm for life with spirituality. He seeks to remove the barriers to the pursuit of spirituality in front of the seeker. Enduring suffering, responsibility, true love, and a firm... more
    Maulana in Mathnawi seeks to create motivation and enthusiasm for life with spirituality. He seeks to remove the barriers to the pursuit of spirituality in front of the seeker. Enduring suffering, responsibility, true love, and a firm belief in God are the fundamental foundations of spirituality. His mystical view is in line with Victor Frankel's school of semantic psychology. Therefore, in this study, the concept of meaning and enthusiasm for living in Mathnavi is analyzed by Frankel's theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library-type. In this study, the components of suffering, tolerance, responsibility, love, and religiosity of Frankel's theory in Mathnavi Manavi have been explained and interpreted. The findings show that the meaning of therapy and mysticism with the aim of life's passion can only happen with divine love and enduring the problems of this dangerous path and if there was any error or sin in it by relying on God, he returns to God and the way of truth.
    "Nefrin-e Zamin" (The Cursing of the Land) is one of the important works of the social sciences in the1960s. The present study examines this book from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on the exclusion components... more
    "Nefrin-e Zamin" (The Cursing of the Land) is one of the important works of the social sciences in the1960s. The present study examines this book from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on the exclusion components in Van Leeuwen's model. The purpose of this study is to show how social and intellectual views are linked to discourse-based structures in fictional texts in order to highlight the importance of linguistic structures in creating social discourses and their relationship with power and domination. This survey has been studied using a descriptive-analytical method, based on socio-semantic categories in the representation of social actors and how to use different types of exclusion and its reasons in a total of 3600 expressive discourse phrases. The results show that in this story, the author has tried to suppress the role of social actors with the use of special linguistic structures, including short sentences with different types of exclusion, the preferences for passive structures over active structures, and using infinitive structures and the use of adjectives, and this has a direct connection with the social institutions and the author's community especially "institution of power and politics". In the Nefrin-e Zamin, the impact of political issues on the social, economic, and public institutions of that period is obvious and the author with his language choices and his style has explained the manifestations of modernity, social transitions, and the imbalance of power in society.
    The present article examines the concept of "Wilayat" in the works of Iraqi and al-Nabulsi, as one of the important elements of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, and the purpose of comparing their votes is to express their similarities and... more
    The present article examines the concept of "Wilayat" in the works of Iraqi and al-Nabulsi, as one of the important elements of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, and the purpose of comparing their votes is to express their similarities and differences. The result of this comparative study is the concept of Wilayat in Iraqi and Nablusi's works, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, expresses this main resemblance that in Iraqi's and Nablusi's thought, "Wali/Vali" means two real "al-Insān al-Kāmil" and "Pir" who have attained the rank of Fana, the status of a lover and intuition. From this point of view, it can be said that in Nablusi's and Iraqi's thought, the Wilayat is more focused on the ideas of ibn Arabi and this intellectual commonality of theirs is, above all, the result of the description of Ibn Arabi's works, especially Fusus al-Hakam by them. But the most important difference between the two mentioned, and their dynasty in the concept in question is that in the Iraqi and Suhrawardi works, the wilayat is "Wahhabi" by God, and in Nablusi's and Naqshbandi's thought, it has an "acquired" aspect. From this perspective, Iraqi and Suhrawardiyeh believe that for the Wilayat, divine care must be taken; also it will be from the charter of Khatam al-Anbiya. But in Nablusi's and Naqshbandiyya's thought, first of all, anyone can reach the position of Wilayat, and secondly, special Wilayat is the result of the immediate manifestation of the God's Wilayat after the realization of individual annihilation.
    One of the methods of the fictional literature critique is to examine the story's position on the basis of its narrative. Each fictional situation includes three aspects of "person, state, and vision." Investigating the features and... more
    One of the methods of the fictional literature critique is to examine the story's position on the basis of its narrative. Each fictional situation includes three aspects of "person, state, and vision." Investigating the features and analyzing the angle of vision and storytelling to understand how the narrator's "time, spatial, and psychological" views function is one of the topics of interest to the narratologists. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method with a look at the three functions mentioned, including the aspect and focalization and the personal status of three short stories with the theme of war from the second collection of stories "Yusuf" has been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to first examine the quality of the process of perception and belief in the narrative practice with the narrative position element. In the second part, we have tried to show how the placement of materials and narratives makes the audience think of the narrator's viewpoint and position in his mind. This virtual partnership, with the trust of the audience in the narrator through the personal situation, makes it possible for the audience to arrange the sequence of the story events in order to understand the psychological pleasure of living to see and think about an act or event.
    Critical discourse analysis is one of the effective theories for analyzing the hidden layers of language and discourse. One of the main components for expressing the discourse goals is power. A famous theorist in the field of critical... more
    Critical discourse analysis is one of the effective theories for analyzing the hidden layers of language and discourse. One of the main components for expressing the discourse goals is power. A famous theorist in the field of critical discourse analysis is Norman Fairclough who believes that power has an effect on social relations and discourse. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the power in Khosrow and Shirin systems using a three-dimensional model of Fairclough. The main hypothesis of this research was that Nezami in Khosrow and Shirin has created a discourse appropriate to the power and social status of each character. Analyzing the poems of Khosrow and Shirin, it became clear that the different uses of words, the use of linguistic and grammatical aspects, the differences in persuasive methods, the different views of the characters in the story, and the ambiguity in speech depend on the difference in unequal power in the poems of Khosrow and Shirin.
    Gadamer evaluates Nietzsche's perception of the horizon as it is not possible to go beyond that. In the Masnavi, tales such as "Discrepancies in the Shape of the Cell", and the story of "Johee, and that Child who Sang a Monody before his... more
    Gadamer evaluates Nietzsche's perception of the horizon as it is not possible to go beyond that. In the Masnavi, tales such as "Discrepancies in the Shape of the Cell", and the story of "Johee, and that Child who Sang a Monody before his Father's Corpse", are examples of the realization of the horizon in Nietzsche's notion of it. Because in these anecdotes, characters are subdued by their own limited horizons. Gadamer, in contrast to Nietzsche, considers the historical movement of human life to be the fact that human horizons are fluid and open and vary according to different situations and circumstances. Accordingly, Gadamer, in his philosophical hermeneutics, knows the foundation of understanding as the interpreter's horizons and the horizons of the text. The realization of such a concept is objectively observable as an example in the story of Mosa and the Shepherd in Masnavi. At the beginning of the story, Mosa (the symbol of the Tanzieh) and the shepherd (the symbol of the Tashbih) are each on their horizon. But in continue, and with the dialogue between these two horizons, the horizon of the shepherd and the horizon of Mosa, we faced with open horizons and a new hermeneutical situation, which is the fusion of horizons of Tanziah and Tashbih in the Shepherd and Moses.
    Different researches about Mysticism usually take the mystical and religious function of this subject into consideration. However mystical and abbatial subjects have had different social, political, and literary functions further than... more
    Different researches about Mysticism usually take the mystical and religious function of this subject into consideration. However mystical and abbatial subjects have had different social, political, and literary functions further than religious functions. This article by considering the literary application of Naqshbandi mysticism wants to pay attention to another nonreligious function of this subject. For this reason, we have taken Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi's Persian written works and his effects on developing the Persian language out of Iranian borders. This research, firstly, in a descriptive and analytical way clarifies the reason and backgrounds in which Maulana Khalid uses the Persian language in his letters and works. Then he considers the publication domain of these letters to different parts of the Islamic world. Moreover, the social status of the audience of Maulana Khalid's letters and their role in the republishing of these letters outside the borders of Iran have been studied.
    Metaphor is a concept of the fundamental categories of cognitive linguistics. A language category that is not just about words, and sublime cognition. Given that the mode of movement and the path of excellence in mystical teachings is in... more
    Metaphor is a concept of the fundamental categories of cognitive linguistics. A language category that is not just about words, and sublime cognition. Given that the mode of movement and the path of excellence in mystical teachings is in the language of the code. And mysticism is the artistic realm of language, meaning a system of allusions and since in cognitive theory, metaphor as a phenomenon has a directing presence in the whole of language. This means that one conceptual domain is known based on another conceptual domain. This metaphor has found its way into mystical poems. Emad Faqih Kermani, one of the mystics of the eighth century, in the Tariqatnameh, which he composed in ten chapters and each chapter in ten chapters on the etiquette and conduct and duties of seekers and officials and the mystics, considers the completion of love for the Almighty to be love. In this research, first, a report on the life of Emadeddin Faqih Kermani, Tarighatnameh, conceptual metaphor, and finally, the conceptual metaphor of love in the Tarighatnameh are examined. Since a conceptual metaphor has two movements from origin to destination, and accordingly, it has three meanings of positive, negative, and neutral, the result of this research is that Emad has been able to give new meanings to love through two means of transferring meaning and changing meaning, and by creating suspensions in the meaning of the words, leave the reader free to grasp broader meanings and interpretations.
    After the spread of rationalism and rationality in the Renaissance, the importance of the concepts of poetry and poeticism in various literary works decreased day by day and any irrationality and "madness" was confined within the... more
    After the spread of rationalism and rationality in the Renaissance, the importance of the concepts of poetry and poeticism in various literary works decreased day by day and any irrationality and "madness" was confined within the sanatoriums. Desperate for the results of western rationalism, modern writers tended to look at the semantic, subjective, and non-figurative aspects of poetry in fiction in order to both confront the prevailing wisdom and represent the outcry of "madness" in the form of modern fiction. From the point of view of modern theorists, "poetry" in its new definition was generally associated with an interest in abstraction and irrationality and the rejection of common standards in literature. In this article, we have tried to show the concept of "poetry" and its relation to "madness" through the stylistic components of modern stories in the novel "Shazdeh-Ehtejab". Findings show that in Golshiri's novel "Shazdeh Ehtejab", "poetry" through components such as anti-narrative, ambiguity, nonlinear timing, and attention to the metaphorical construction of sentences and elements such as "madness" and "death", takes the narrative out of the ordinary and in addition to making the text and atmosphere of the story poetic, it creates a meaningful and protesting relationship with the negation of rationalism and attention to "madness" in the modern era.
    The aim of the present study is the stylistic investigation of prepositions in Khaqani's qasidas. Prepositions with their vast semantic range are among the influencing language constructs that give identity to other language elements... more
    The aim of the present study is the stylistic investigation of prepositions in Khaqani's qasidas. Prepositions with their vast semantic range are among the influencing language constructs that give identity to other language elements including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. To deal with different meanings of prepositions in different constructs that is a kind of stylistic deconstruction and a stylistic feature is among the aims of the present study. To do so, the Khaqani's qasidas were studied and the items that were considered important and compatible in terms of usage and relevance to the topic under study were extracted and investigated according to layer stylistics. The results of the research indicate that Khaqani placed equal importance on prepositions compared to other language elements and took into account their vast semantic range. He also promoted their use from grammar level to rhetoric and transformed them from almost neutral elements to key and non-substitutable elements. Khaqani has also the special and unique liberty to use prepositions. Finally, there are rare usages of prepositions in Khaqani's Divan that are utilized in special dialects of Iran and are not found in the Standard language anymore.
    The flow of mystical poetry flourished after the emergence of prominent poets, especially Rumi, and also after the Mongol invasion. One of the famous poets is Qasim Anwar, who was famous during his lifetime. The multiplicity of... more
    The flow of mystical poetry flourished after the emergence of prominent poets, especially Rumi, and also after the Mongol invasion. One of the famous poets is Qasim Anwar, who was famous during his lifetime. The multiplicity of manuscripts available from his divan confirms this to some extent. In this article, we examined the effectiveness of the poet's lyric poems from Shams Molavi's lyric poems at three linguistic, rhetorical, and musical levels with descriptive and analytical methods and an intertextual approach. And we concluded that the poetry of Qasim Anwar, under the influence of the literary tradition before him, is often devoid of poetic passion and resembles poetic scientific interpretation of mystical issues with the specific linguistic dictionary of Sufis, revolves more around imitation and repetition and is devoid of creativity and initiative and his words and those of his contemporaries follow tradition.
    In the process of Islamization after the 7 th century, Iranian native ancestral conception and historical identity were severely eroded and interfered by foreign ideas. Under the background of the boom of New Persian language and... more
    In the process of Islamization after the 7 th century, Iranian native ancestral conception and historical identity were severely eroded and interfered by foreign ideas. Under the background of the boom of New Persian language and literature, some Iranian literati assumed the mission of being the bearers of cultural memory. Collected and compiled on the basis of the ancient Iranian oral and written legends, certain Iranian national epics composed from the 10 th to the 12 th century show a significant influence on the survival of Iranian cultural tradition. Among the epics, Kūshnāma is particularly remarkable for its creation of an alien hero. After close scrutiny of the text, we can find that this so-called "Story of the King of China" integrates the fragments of the ancient Iranians' collective cultural memorythe bygone military conflicts between the alien enemy chieftains and the Iranian people. The hero, acting as a typical character of the "archery target type", is derived from multiple prototypes, which include the Kushite kings, the legendary Mesopotamian Semitic kings represented by Nimrud, as well as the kings of the Kushan Empire. Kūshnāma, therefore, by shaping an exotic hero of the archery target type with multiple identities of foreign enemies, draws the brilliant achievements of legendary Iranian kings and heroes together. Meanwhile, it contributes to establishing a comprehensive frame of reference for the rejuvenation of Iranian national memory. In other words, through recognizing the self by concretizing the other, the epic plays an important role in refashioning Iranian national identity in the Islamic era.
    In Islamic mysticism as well as in mystical literature, the concept of "safe position" is sometimes spoken of. This study seeks to investigate what a "safe position" is in mystical texts. In the path of the emergence of creation,... more
    In Islamic mysticism as well as in mystical literature, the concept of "safe position" is sometimes spoken of. This study seeks to investigate what a "safe position" is in mystical texts. In the path of the emergence of creation, everything that has been created has a secure position, which is what has been established for it at the same time as its constant and secret value. In the process of ascent, it is a position that if the seeker reaches, he is no longer afraid of losing his spirits and being thrown out of the path of conduct and behavior. In this position, the seeker of God is safe on the shore and will be one of the light-bearers who is not afraid of his spirit being seized, let alone of worldly fear and sorrow. In religious texts, the term "safe place" and also the title "Mahmoud place" refer to the "safe place" of Islamic mysticism. His "safe conduct" is in two parts. Each of the garlic houses has an expected level for each seeker who, when he reaches that level, reaches the safe position of that house and can enter the next house of Sirusluk. Sometimes mystics speak of a position within other houses and authorities, which they refer to as a "safe position". Reaching the level of "certainty" leads to reaching this safe position. A position that the seeker will never be disturbed by and will not have the fear and sorrow of leaving God.
    This research tries to answer the question in a descriptive-analytical way whether the patterns of female speech in the textual context of Shiva Arastouei's novels "Fear" and "Neyna" correspond to the model of Robin Lakoff (DSL1975). Or... more
    This research tries to answer the question in a descriptive-analytical way whether the patterns of female speech in the textual context of Shiva Arastouei's novels "Fear" and "Neyna" correspond to the model of Robin Lakoff (DSL1975). Or are the patterns presented in these works in conflict with the pattern considered in the DSL approach? In this study, among the characteristics considered by Lakoff, the lexical level is emphasized and all 5 components of this level include "repeated use of skeptics or modifiers", "use of polite forms of language and avoidance of suffixes", "use of aggravating adverbs", "The use of emotional attributes" and "the use of specific feminine words" are considered. With this aim, after classifying the research data and analyzing them, first, an attempt was made to determine the writing style of Shiva Arastouei at the level of the speech of the female characters of these two novels and then to adapt it to the components considered by Lakoff. The findings show that Arastouei was very careful in choosing the language of the female characters in these two novels, and components such as age, social class, occupation, education, etc. in the style of women's speech in his stories are clearly visible and can be claimed. She is one of the most successful women novelists in this field. In addition, many of the components of the feminine style of speech in her stories are consistent with Robin Lakoff's model. Components such as specific feminine words, doubt markers, intensifiers, swear words and emotional sentences are the most significant manifestations of this adaptation.
    One of the motifs in Iranian epic stories is the presence of mythological heroes and characters. Water goddesses and other goddesses are mythological figures that manifest in the form of well-known women in epics. Carefully examining the... more
    One of the motifs in Iranian epic stories is the presence of mythological heroes and characters. Water goddesses and other goddesses are mythological figures that manifest in the form of well-known women in epics. Carefully examining the epic-heroic long story of Samak-e Ayyar, one can notice the function of such a belief in a female character in the story using a descriptive/comparative-analytical method and by citing the works of mythologists like Mehrdad Bahar and reflection on mythological hidden layers of Samak-e Ayyar's epic prose. Themes like love, beauty, underground imprisonment, being sentenced to death, freedom at the expense of losing the first beloved and finally rising to power for the female character of this epic story indicate that Abandokht in regard to her mythological arches can be a symbol of goddesses like Ishtar Mianroudi and Anahita. Based on this hypothesis, the authors have tried to conclude that the influence of Mianrouds and their liability to be influenced in Iranian myths led to the formation of common structures, one of which is the appearance of the similarities between the above-mentioned mythological goddess and Abandokht in the story of Samak-e Ayyar.
    Psychological critique of personality is one of the new researches in the field of storytelling. Ahmad Mahmood (1310-1381) in the novel "The Fig Tree of Temples" by addressing new writing styles including 1-Anti-heroic description... more
    Psychological critique of personality is one of the new researches in the field of storytelling. Ahmad Mahmood (1310-1381) in the novel "The Fig Tree of Temples" by addressing new writing styles including 1-Anti-heroic description 2-Difference in characterization 3-Flow of mind-body 4-Uncertainty 5-Smooth Reality and imagination, and the description of the person's minds, has produced different effects and approached psychoanalytic novels. One of the new psychoanalytic theories for describing personality is Karen Horney's theory. He is one of the postwar psychoanalysts who emphasized the role of the community in influencing people's behavior by introducing the theory of "triple personality types" and "self-ideal", such as Adler. The analysis of the behavior of the characters of "The Fig Tree of Temples", which is influenced by the community, and is subject to anxiety and internal stress, can be adapted to Horney's theory. Hence, in this article, after discussing various aspects of Horney's theory, the author explores the "current, real, and self-ideal triple virtues" component in one of the novel characters, "Faramarz", who played the most important role in the events of the story. Following the confrontation with the "present self", the mentioned character has suffered a fundamental conflict with destructive factors such as contempt, neglect, violence, and impunity, and is in ideological captivity of the ideal self and its consequences: i.e. nervous expectations, pride and nervous needs and his anxiety, anger, and depression increase more and more.
    The influence of theology and verbal thoughts in Persian literature is an undeniable issue, so we can observe the majority of verbal subjects in mystical works. In this study, we consider verbal scopes of Attar in his Masnavi including... more
    The influence of theology and verbal thoughts in Persian literature is an undeniable issue, so we can observe the majority of verbal subjects in mystical works. In this study, we consider verbal scopes of Attar in his Masnavi including verbal theism and belief in behavioral determinism and wisdom dysfunction. In the conception of narrative virtue, indecency, absolute purity, and divine grace and resurrection are the most important verbal concepts of Attar in Masnavi. But it is noticeable that Attar did not accept different verbal thoughts absolutely. In other words, Attar's perspectives incorporated gnostic scopes and verbal theories. For example, in the field of theism, he believed in a beloved, lovable, and kind God while most poets knew his wrathful and unmerciful features that whatever he does is mere justice. Generally, it could be said that although Attar had the same views as other poets, in some cases, one can see ideas different from the other poets' ideas in his works.
    Foucault's Archeology viewpoint is based on discourses on conflict atmosphere, semantic disputes, and determining time and place. In the temporal and spatial periods of the royal families of Fereydon and Priam, under the influence of the... more
    Foucault's Archeology viewpoint is based on discourses on conflict atmosphere, semantic disputes, and determining time and place. In the temporal and spatial periods of the royal families of Fereydon and Priam, under the influence of the origins, discourses based on the struggle for power have emerged, and some have been able to prevail in the hostile atmosphere and establish their meaning in the semantic conflicts. The research method is analytical-descriptive-comparative to answer the question of how these origins have affected the discourse of religious political identity, political identity, and king identity which have found dominance and influence on the identity of other discourses in two texts. The results of the research show that dominant discourses have become hegemonic through the elaboration of discourse-building units such as sacredness, fatalism, etc., and with high frequency, they appear in the behavior of the subjects. Also, the relationship between the origins of religion and politics has been shown as powerful and discourse-creating origins on the one hand, and the normativity of subjects on the other hand.
    Artist's novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of the bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre's development and modifications. The present research aims to introduce the novel's features by focusing on the... more
    Artist's novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of the bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre's development and modifications. The present research aims to introduce the novel's features by focusing on the structural elements of an English novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce and You're No Stranger Here by Houshang Moradi Kermani, and using a descriptive-analytical approach. In this type of novel, the stages of the artist's personality development, his mental concerns, and viewpoints regarding art are explained thoroughly. Also, in this novel, art tools and the titles of some prominent works of art are mentioned. The artist uses his art to serve the community and eventually, his special way of thinking (against his family's ideals) forces him to immigrate. In the final part of the novel, we occasionally see an artist writing his own life story. Although according to these features, you're No Stranger Here is the best match for the English novel, apparently, these features can also be observed in most of the selected examples of this subgenre. However, the description of the artist's personality development, his mental and social concerns, and his loyalty to art originality and importance are among the prominent features of this type of novel.
    Studies on historical novels due to not paying attention to the origin of the text and parallel discourses consider the historical novel as the nostalgic return of Iranian society to the myth of the Golden Age and it has been explained... more
    Studies on historical novels due to not paying attention to the origin of the text and parallel discourses consider the historical novel as the nostalgic return of Iranian society to the myth of the Golden Age and it has been explained with macro-narratives and concepts such as nationalism. This article has been done based on Damgostran and by the method of qualitative content analysis in the context of the application of critical discourse analysis. So by analyzing Damgostaran on several levels, another reading of this genre has been presented. In this research, based on the above story, the central meanings of the work have been identified as an independent text and these meanings have been transferred to the original context in order to determine the originality of the meaning in that context. After tracing this meaning in a historical course, it returned to the era of the creation of the work, and this time the transformed meaning has been evaluated in a new context and an intertextual-interdiscursive relationship. Finally, the relationship between the text and the prevailing discourses is explained. The result of Damgostran's study is that this is not a conservative work. Rather, it belongs to the most radical discourses of the author's time. In this reading, a seemingly mundane work and a dead story, along with other homogenous components, form a discourse that is more than anything else a cry of protest against the consolidation and expansion of the global capitalist system that at the end of the 19th century slowly spread the shadow of injustice and inequality on the thin body of the new world.
    This study is related to those narratives of Mathnawi which contain therapeutic points. For this purpose, the authors discovered the therapeutic and medical motifs from all Mathnawi narratives. These statements are like a medic's... more
    This study is related to those narratives of Mathnawi which contain therapeutic points. For this purpose, the authors discovered the therapeutic and medical motifs from all Mathnawi narratives. These statements are like a medic's prescription, regardless of the narrator's name. This study showed that Rumi was familiar with medical concepts and used therapeutic propositions to induce meaning. This study showed that Rumi was familiar with medical concepts and used therapeutic propositions to induce meaning. The poet has emerged as a physician among the stories of Mathnawi. He describes physical illnesses, especially mental illnesses, and ways to treat them. The main therapeutic topics discussed in Mathnawi are related to temperament, pulmonology, and herbal medicine and treatment methods. In many narratives, the main character is involved in a physical or mental illness that has been improved by a physical or spiritual physician.
    The Philosophy Program for Children or Fabak, known worldwide by the acronym (P4C) to improve children's thinking, was presented in 1962 by Lipman, who is a professor at Columbia University. With regard to the components of philosophy for... more
    The Philosophy Program for Children or Fabak, known worldwide by the acronym (P4C) to improve children's thinking, was presented in 1962 by Lipman, who is a professor at Columbia University. With regard to the components of philosophy for the child and the three literary, intellectual, and psychological competencies, there can be found anecdotes in Persian literature in which at least one or two philosophical themes and concepts appropriate to indigenous culture have been used. Since, according to the objectives of the Philosophy Program for the Child, there must be selected anecdotes that are in line with the standards and principles of Fabak, the two books of Siyasat-Nameh written by Khajeh Nizam al-Molk Tousi and Qaboos-Nameh from Onsor al-Maali Keykavus can be a prominent example of Persian literature in this field. These two books are valuable Persian works, full of ethical concepts and educational teachings expressed in the story. By examining the stories, in line with the features of the Fabak stories, we find that most of the stories in the two books are both engaging and child-friendly in terms of processing as well as themes. In this essay, he has attempted to explain the philosophy program for the child according to the founder of the program, Lipman, and others such as Philip Kam, and to explain the characteristics of intellectual stories. Therefore, content analysis and deductive analysis have been used to do this and to explain the underlying data.
    In Shahnameh, there are superheroes who are separated from the human context of the narratives and are placed on higher levels, but their common features and selfishness connect them to each other and to the body of the narrative. In this... more
    In Shahnameh, there are superheroes who are separated from the human context of the narratives and are placed on higher levels, but their common features and selfishness connect them to each other and to the body of the narrative. In this research, the structures of Gilbert Doran's imagination system have been used to identify Shahnameh superheroes. The structure of the imagination of the age is the "fundamental" binaries, opposite poles, and "contradictory semantic" pairs, and meaning arises from the reciprocal relationship of these pairs. Distinctions create semantic meanings, and poles are defined by their opposites. In Shahnameh, understanding the concept of "self" and "other" causes a struggle to take possession of the "object of value" in which the concept of enemy and superhero is formed. According to this system, Divan in one body, Dahhak, and Afrasiab (who represented the Turan army against Iran from being a crown prince in the time of Nozer until he was killed) are considered enemies of Iranians and in this framework, Fereydon, Rostam, and Key Khosrow, who have the main role and duty in confronting and defeating the opposite pole and Ahura's victory over Ahriman, are considered superheroes. All of Iran's enemies, by virtue of their characteristics, are essentially symbolic of drought and barrenness, and superheroes are solar figures who must bring rain and fertility back to Iran after victory.
    From the 4th to the 8th century A.H. in the Fars Region, eight manuscripts were written, translated, or selected in Persian and Arabic. Due to the many similarities between these works, after Sirat ibn Khafif it is very likely that the... more
    From the 4th to the 8th century A.H. in the Fars Region, eight manuscripts were written, translated, or selected in Persian and Arabic. Due to the many similarities between these works, after Sirat ibn Khafif it is very likely that the later writers were influenced by Abu al-Hassan Dailami's writings on Sheikh Kabir Shiraz ibn Khafif. Arabic and the scholarly writing style of the authors of works such as the Sirat of ibn Khafif and Firdows Al-Morshedieh in introducing the great personality of the mystics show the existence of special audiences and scholars for these works and the weakness of style and the inclusion of material miracles (Karamat) of Roozbihan's hagiographies represent the purpose of these writers that is to make Roozbihan stand out to the general public and to a kind of productivity for themselves. It may be concluded that with the spread of Sufism over time, the specific audience of these works became the general audience, and as a result, the change of the audience was effective in the way the authors wrote these works. Also, the writers of these hagiographies, who have usually been among the children or grandchildren of the sheikh, have tried to gain a place and rank for themselves by exaggerating the sheikh's honors and finding high credit for him.
    One of the important tools that the author of educational literature uses to explain and interpret moral and mystical ideas and to convey his content to the audience is allegory. In the allegory of the writer and poet, he first expresses... more
    One of the important tools that the author of educational literature uses to explain and interpret moral and mystical ideas and to convey his content to the audience is allegory. In the allegory of the writer and poet, he first expresses general and abstract concepts, which are often rational and newstype, and then gives a literary example and reason to make them tangible and objective and to prove his claim. In the sense that their reasoned words are simple and understandable with the explicit conclusion, he has a profound effect on the reader. All kinds of allegories are powerful tools of illustration and de-familiarization and the origin of creating novel themes, and since in these literary techniques, positive images serve to convince the audience, the method of argumentative expression is superior to artistic expression. In this article, the artistic, educational, and training functions of various types of allegory have been reviewed. The research is based on the application of examples of this literary array in important educational works and Indian styles and considering the views of experts and the author's personal perception of this rhetorical art. The general conclusion of the article is that the abundant use of different forms of allegory is one of the secrets of beauty and taste and the effect of the language of educational and Indian literary works on the reader, and this has made the contents so popular that the readers accept the meanings and concepts wholeheartedly and without any question.
    Translation research and criticism can be considered a branch of text research. The present study deals with the overtly erroneous errors detected in the two English translations of a Persian novel. Based on the findings, the challenging... more
    Translation research and criticism can be considered a branch of text research. The present study deals with the overtly erroneous errors detected in the two English translations of a Persian novel. Based on the findings, the challenging lexical items for the two translators did not belong to the same categories. Since the non-native translator had faced more difficulties while rendering terms categorized under linguistic items (especially idioms and noun phrases), generally, all non-native translators are recommended to fully familiarize themselves with the source-text idiomatic expressions. The native translator had revised his work three times. The findings also revealed that the non-native translator had committed three times as many overtly erroneous errors as the native had made. This implies the significance of revising the target text, the importance of considering the issue of textdynamism, and the requirement of native translators' more active participation in rendering the literary masterpieces of their own culture.
    Lyric includes a wide range of subjects and poetic formats. Specifically, it is a type of poem in which the element of emotion is dominant and naturally it has some components that have made it different from other types. In the present... more
    Lyric includes a wide range of subjects and poetic formats. Specifically, it is a type of poem in which the element of emotion is dominant and naturally it has some components that have made it different from other types. In the present study, the author investigated the indicators of lyrics in the story of Homay and Homayoun by Khaju Kermani and the poet pays attention to rhetorical principles and the relationship with the audience. Components that this study has been written based on them are the personalization of "I" in lyrics and introspection, being romantic-mystical, compounds of lyrics, descriptions, and metaphors, investigation of battles and banquets, etc. which is matched by expressing some examples of Khaju's poems. The general purpose of the research is how these components are manifested in Homay and Homayoun? The result of the research is that; the mighty poet has paid attention to the form and meaning and the way they are used and their impact on the reader. This literal type enjoys a great deal of lyrics value due to the usage of battle and mythological elements by Khaju and ethical points(doctrinal) that are specific to other types, and the emergence of lyrics indicators is outstanding in the way that it covers epic and ethical indicators. The imagination power of the poet and using these features have turned the work into a lyric and made it a special one.
    One of the main axioms of eccentric criticism is the examination of the interrelationship between humans and the environment. This type of criticism seeks to understand how human attitudes to nature and how environmental issues are... more
    One of the main axioms of eccentric criticism is the examination of the interrelationship between humans and the environment. This type of criticism seeks to understand how human attitudes to nature and how environmental issues are reflected in literary works and to analyze the impact that human beings have on nature and the physical and psychological properties of humans in literary works. In Moniro Ravanipour's Ahl-e-Ghargh, nature is not only regarded as the scene of events but as the main context of the story itself, the agent of events and the advancing events, directly affecting the characters and interacting with humans and their decisions. In this story, the characters sometimes find themselves exposed to the power of the sea as part of submissive wildlife, and sometimes it is nature that inevitably interferes with man and his power. In this story, the characters are sometimes frightened and wandering against nature, sometimes mingling with nature and resting in its lap.
    The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language... more
    The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language and tone of the epic are the results of the choice of words, combinations, imagery, novelty, and the choice of weight to suit the type of epic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in creating epic language and tone in Farrokhi Sistani's poems using descriptive-analytical methods, it has been done in a library way. Farrokhi Sistani has given his poems an epic tone and atmosphere by the use of internal and external music, vocabulary selection, and epic combinations, and using epic arrays such as exaggeration, metaphor, and numerous references to Iranian heroes, and epic and mythological characters. The results of the studies show that the poet has an epic, thoughtful mind, and it is reflected in the forms, words, and combinations used in his poems. This kind of mindset and imagination is linked to the society of the fifth century and the beliefs and ideas that govern the culture and literature of that period and of course it is effective.
    Poetic forms play an essential role in the division of Persian poetry. Most of the definitions of these forms refer to its form, and since in the sixth century some themes are expanding, and the form of lyric poetry has also become... more
    Poetic forms play an essential role in the division of Persian poetry. Most of the definitions of these forms refer to its form, and since in the sixth century some themes are expanding, and the form of lyric poetry has also become popular. In the works of poets such as Sanai and Khaghani, who are both poets and lyricists, the issue of classifying poems in the field of content and format has arisen. In the present study, we have examined and classified Khaghani's short poems from a linguistic point of view. We have concluded that due to the three linguistic, as well as "vocabulary selection", part of Khaghani's short poems are in the lyric poems and part of the lyric poems are in the short poems. Khaqani's short poems can be divided into 7 groups: 1. Poems all praise, 2. Poems of incomplete poems, 3. Grief poems, 4. Syntactic poems, 5. Judicial poems (advice), 6. Complaining poems, 7. Qalandari's poems. The linguistic features of some of these poems are very close to the form of "sonnets" in such a way that both very similar examples can be shown in both sonnets and poems. Khaghani is one of the poets who injected the sound of "praise" into the lyric after Sanai, and is the first poet to recite "mourning" in the form of a lyric. As a result, the line between short poems and lyric poems has blurred, making it difficult to classify his poems.
    Although it is the birthplace of Latin American magical realism and the writers of this region have contributed to its globalization with their works of fiction, some thinkers in the field of literature believe that this method is not... more
    Although it is the birthplace of Latin American magical realism and the writers of this region have contributed to its globalization with their works of fiction, some thinkers in the field of literature believe that this method is not unique to this region of the world and its roots can be traced back to eastern literature, especially mystical texts. Mystical texts, and specifically Sufi "assemblies", are basically imaginative because the "old man" used to tell stories about mystics during the Majalis, and because most of his audience was the general public, he did his best to make his words believable and effective. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, we have mentioned examples of common points of "magical realism style" and the anecdotes of "Tabrizi ancient gatherings". The important points of connection between "assemblies" and writing in the style of magical realism are dignified actions, strange behaviors, strong imagination, breaking the boundaries between reality and surrealism, and disrupting the causal structure
    Farzand-nameh is one of the most important and ancient genres of didactic literature that parents have written with the aim of teaching science and religious and moral education to their children. Advice is the most important part of this... more
    Farzand-nameh is one of the most important and ancient genres of didactic literature that parents have written with the aim of teaching science and religious and moral education to their children. Advice is the most important part of this Literary genre. Because the audience of this literary genre is mostly young people-and young nature tends to be rebellious and disobedient-they may not like it. Hence, there are always Rhetorical restrictions in front of them. Hence, authors and composers of these works are looking for rhetorical tools to solve these problems. Parody can be a rhetorical tool that has a deep effect on the audience by breaking the norms of the traditions of Farzand-nameh. In this paper, the contradictory functions of this literary genre are examined by studying the case of the manuscript of the Sheikh al-Maqamerin's advice book. This manuscript is a parody of Qaboos Nameh written by Ibrahim Khorasani for his son. Sheikh al-Maqamerin criticizes the two age-old traditions in Farzand-nameh: Pay attention to the personal benefit and people's judgment. In addition, the author has used parody to describe the turmoil and corruption of his time with his son in order to turn him away from moral vices by turning him upside down.
    The translation of the novel "The Adventures of Hajji Baba Isfahani" is a turning point in the history of Persian prose literature and the history of translation into Persian; much research has been done on this novel. Ambiguities about... more
    The translation of the novel "The Adventures of Hajji Baba Isfahani" is a turning point in the history of Persian prose literature and the history of translation into Persian; much research has been done on this novel. Ambiguities about this novel and its Persian translation have been raised and investigated, including whether the original text was written by James Murrier or did he expand the novel on the basis of a Persian text and is "Mirza Habib Isfahani" the main translator, or is it Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi as written in the First publish of this novel? This paper has attempted to make new points by relying on intra-textual cues, comparing the translation with the original text, stylistic features, and so on. This study considers the existence of a Persian text as the main text more probable. And about the second ambiguity, this article emphasizes that Mirza Habib is the main translator of the novel, also determining the contribution of Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi and Mirza Agha Khan Kermani in the translation of the novel.
    By introducing the theory of individuality, Jung has opened a new chapter in literary criticism and provided a forum for the activities of many contemporary theorists, including Joseph Campbell. Campbell, enumerate one of the common... more
    By introducing the theory of individuality, Jung has opened a new chapter in literary criticism and provided a forum for the activities of many contemporary theorists, including Joseph Campbell. Campbell, enumerate one of the common themes in myths that have a similar structure to each other and follow the single target as the hero's adventurous journey and according to that brought up the monomyth theory. In this research, enlisting from the myth criticism method and according to Campbell's classification, the hero's journey in Sam Nameh's poem that occurs in romantic adventure format was checked. Findings of research show that although the order of total pattern is not observed in this journey and all of the levels were not performed completely, the hero's journey differs slightly from Campbell's pattern. The hero at his own symbolic journey, with the discovery and recognition of the unknown and damaged aspects of his own psyche, was able to shape his shattered and unbalanced character by passing beyond the boundaries of his-limited-self and experiencing his own individuality by psychological evolution.
    Metaphor is one of the most important tools for transferring language from its real usage. On the other hand, today metaphor in the west is no longer specific to poetry and literature and tool for adoring the word; rather, metaphors have... more
    Metaphor is one of the most important tools for transferring language from its real usage. On the other hand, today metaphor in the west is no longer specific to poetry and literature and tool for adoring the word; rather, metaphors have entered the realm of thought and cognitions and have been used from different perspectives in many sciences. In the field of poetry, the use of metaphor in human emotions has always been considered; because human emotions have always been used as a source of origin in the metaphorical structuring of various concepts in most languages and take advantage of the cultural patterns of each language. Khaghani is one of the most creative Persian-speaking poets who use novel and fresh metaphors. The purpose of this article is to study the frequency of usage of conceptual writings in Khaghani's poetry with a permissible conceptual approach or conceptual metaphor and to analyze the data of Khaghani's poetry. In fact, the three domains of origin "change of state" "change of gaze" and "impatience" can be included in one domain of physical change. Finally, the field of origin "anger is in line" and "anger is outrage" are the most frequent field of origin for conceptualizing anger in Khaghani's Divan.
    Ecological critique is the study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, the origins of which are the emergence of new ideas in anthropology and environmental issues that humanist discourses play an important role in... more
    Ecological critique is the study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, the origins of which are the emergence of new ideas in anthropology and environmental issues that humanist discourses play an important role in their emergence. In the story of Moniru Ravanipour's Ahle Ghargh, the relationships of the characters such as Kheyjo, Zayer Ahmad Hakim, Mah Jamal, Madine, and Mobor men with the environment are examined in this article to show how power relations at different levels of this story are effective based on Foucault's ideas. In this story, Kheyjo, Mah Jamal, Madine, and Zayer Ahmad Hakim have a close relationship with nature as well as a transcendental view of the earth that challenges the dominant discourse of the age, philosophical humanism; the humanism in which more attention is paid to human thought and looks at man and nature through the eyes of an element or object. This is why Foucault in the age of modernity sees the presence of man in the scene of the illustration of thought and consciousness, and argues that empirical combinations should be applied in a place other than the absolute rule of "I think". In this article, considering the importance and impact of discourses in the production of the literary text, the aim was to examine the story in question with a descriptive-analytical method of the human relationship with the environment and the impact of different discourses that play an effective role in exercising power to inform man about his behavior with the environment and to reveal his relationship with nature.
    The use of "allegory" and "symbols" to better understand the concepts, particularly abstract and rational concepts, is one of the ways in which children's literature is very important and it can be examined from multiple views one of... more
    The use of "allegory" and "symbols" to better understand the concepts, particularly abstract and rational concepts, is one of the ways in which children's literature is very important and it can be examined from multiple views one of which is semiotic structure or meaning of the symbols that can open the way to new issues in literature. Therefore, this article uses qualitative and quantitative mixed research methods and the semiotic pattern of symbols of Ogden and Richards to explore the semiotics of meaning of symbols in children's literature in the eighties. Semiotic symbols of this period show that the ideas that have changed signs in stories this decade are more religious and moral. In addition, the study of data, based on the above model, shows that thought alone cannot be considered the main factor in changing the signs of the symbol, but other components such as the multiple characteristics of a case and its semantic evolution over time must be considered.
    Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi's symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and... more
    Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi's symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and how should they be interpreted? Paul Ricoeur, one of the contemporary hermeneutics philosophers, considers symbol, metaphor, and narrative very essential as media through which one obtains the knowledge of oneself and one's surrounding world. Interpreting symbols and metaphors with Ricoeur's method in Resālat al-Abrāj provides an opportunity to understand Ricoeur's hermeneutics and his method as well as an illuminated text in the contemporary worldview. Ricoeur's hermeneutic method is a dialectic between "explanation" and "understanding": interpretation begins with a semantic explanation of the text, especially symbols and metaphors as places to create new meanings. The interaction between these new meaning fields leads us to the world of the text: the world in which the reader finds the possibility of living and appropriates it. By this method, we understand that the world of Resālat al-Abrāj reminds the sacred call to "Return" to the illuminated homeland, and rouses the love towards this homeland for those who find themselves in deep darkness. This illuminated world threatens the current world of contemporary humans, because the concept of the sacred homeland may be a false consciousness. However, the world of the text, by reminding ontological darkness, points out deceits of consciousness. This new possibility results in the fundamental development of the reader's world and his self-knowledge.
    One of the important approaches in the mythological studies of literary texts is Northrop Frye's Theories. The present study investigates the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh by using Frye's proposed model and by a... more
    One of the important approaches in the mythological studies of literary texts is Northrop Frye's Theories. The present study investigates the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh by using Frye's proposed model and by a descriptive-analytical method. The method of information gathering is the libraries method. Studies show that the presence of elements such as the myth of decay and death, catastrophic death, sacrifice, and hero isolation draws the story closer to Mitus Fall and the tragedy of isolation in Frye's theory. After mentioning the six stages of the tragedy outlined in Frye's model, its adaptation to the course of this story was examined. In the end, it was concluded that: According to the tragedy model of isolation, the hero of the myth performs an act of isolation that results from his selfconsciousness, which brings with him personal experience. In addition, regarding Frye's view of the role of myth in the reflection of the author's social era, it was concluded that the formation of the myth of Rostam and Sohrab could be a reflection of Ferdowsi's view of the social situation of his period.
    The purpose of this study is to examine the metaphors of surrealist-style novels from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. In which of the following are the most common areas of origin and destination of surreal metaphors? And what... more
    The purpose of this study is to examine the metaphors of surrealist-style novels from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. In which of the following are the most common areas of origin and destination of surreal metaphors? And what are the metaphors of surreal works in terms of objectivity and origin? The novels selected in this study were surreal novels from different authors around the world. In this study, one hundred pages of these 6 novels were studied. The metaphors were extracted and analyzed in the context and then the origin and destination of these metaphors were identified based on the origin and destination areas of Koveces's theory, and finally, Objective and abstract areas of origin and destination were identified. The results show that the surreal metaphors are more intangible and the source and destination domains are both more objective, although abstract domains are also present and most abundant in the human and machine origin domain. In the field of destination, it is about man and nature, and we continue to understand the importance of the human subject in this style of work.
    Halliday's systemic functional theory is a social look at a language which is interwoven with three metafunctional processes. Studying literary texts from linguistic aspects, such as ideational function is one of the new research... more
    Halliday's systemic functional theory is a social look at a language which is interwoven with three metafunctional processes. Studying literary texts from linguistic aspects, such as ideational function is one of the new research approaches which improve a better and deeper understanding of hidden layers of texts. One of the modern Arabic and Persian literary discussions is the use of myths in modern poetry. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poets have described Hallaj's story in the form of myth. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, a contemporary Arabic poet, and Shafiei Kadkani, a contemporary Persian poet, are among the poets who deal with the story of Hallaj in some of their poems. The method is correlative-analytical and this study tries to analyze the variety of different ideational metafunction processes of Hallaj's story in the poetry of these two poets. The results show that each of these two poets used various material processes to express their opinions. Peripheral elements such as time and space exist in the poems of both poets.
    Story code analysis means to have a focus on signs which contribute to revealing the secondary meanings with a structured methodology. The main problem is to understand how signs with synergic cooperation in the context of short stories... more
    Story code analysis means to have a focus on signs which contribute to revealing the secondary meanings with a structured methodology. The main problem is to understand how signs with synergic cooperation in the context of short stories avoid text from unilaterality and lead to a plurality of meaning by engaging audiences through referential codes. This essay studies the short story Merry Go Round from the book "Red Gloves" by Sepideh Shamloo. The paper is using a descriptive-analytical approach based on various codes from theorists' points of view like Schindler or Barthes. Another aspect of the paper is analyzing structural elements that result in positive impacts on the code analysis of the work. Codes reflected in stories demonstrate predominant conventional systems such as social, behavioral, physical, commentary, mythical, spiritual, temporal, and local and they will result in the reproduction of cultural or social patterns in the view of audiences.

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